For Instance, in present-day Britain differentials are insisted upon by trades unionists as well as by capitalists. Consequently, there are usually some classes in a community that are left out in the cold. If the Injustice with which they are treated by their more powerful fellow citizens is gross, these penalized classes will seize any opportunity to overthrow the regime that has failed to give them a fair deal, as happened in Germany in 1933. The closer a regime approximates being socially just, the greater its stability. But social justice elusive objective because there is no agreed criterion for deciding what is the just allocation of the community’s wealth among the different social classes of which the community is composed.
(We need to find such criterions to decide on the just allocations of the community’s wealth’s.)
2- THE NATURE, MEANS, and ENDS of POWER.
IKEDA: The idea that the end justifies the means has been the driving force of many organizations and is prevalent today in many fields of endeavor. People engaged in political power struggles have argued that application of this principle is unavoidable. The fascists are an extreme example of such a group. Since we must prevent the appearance of other groups like the fascists, we must clearly understand the proper relationship between ends and means.
My interpretation of the problem is that an end depends to a large extent on the means used to achieve it. In other words, the process by which a goal is reached must prove the justness of the goal itself.
TOYNBEE: An end does not justify a means. Means and ends must be ethically consistent. This principle is borne out by experience. It is psychologically impossible to do right at stage two by deliberately doing wrong at stage one. If one is wrong at the outset, it is Impossible to reach a righteous goal.
(In Haiti we have yet to define where to begin before we can talk about the end. We are lost in an immense desert )
IKEDA: One thing that makes it especially important to examine the means of modern organizations is the nature of the goals they announce. The case is somewhat different with organizations frankly professing prejudiced views, but in many cases, goals expressed by groups have a breadth of applicability that makes them attractive to many people. Such goals arouse sympathy because they seem to meet human needs. Since these goals frequently involve vague, abstract ideas, however, it is difficult to ascertain their good and bad points and hard to grasp the nature of the groups or movements professing them. In such cases, it is inevitable that we examine the means employed by those organizations and groups. I agree with you that ends and means must be ethically consistent for if the means contradict the ends, the ends themselves degenerate into meaningless slogans.
We are very good in playing with the abstracts, we invoke unseen spirits for all our endeavors and surprised when the outcome is not as expected.
TOYNBEE: The fallacy of the idea of attaining good ends by following bad means is the theme of Dostoevsky ‘s novel The Possessed, with its satanic hero. It is also the lesson that can be derived from the careers of two high-minded
revolutionaries, Robespierre and Lenin. They were both oneself-seeking men who had dedicated themselves sincerely and wholeheartedly to working for the welfare of mankind. But they made the mistake (an ethical mistake as well as an intellectual one) of thinking that their aims were so good and the attainment of those aims was so important that violence was a justifiable means. Consequently, instead of creating earthly paradises, Robespierre produced the Terror and Lenin, a totalitarian regime.
Can our so-called politicians in Haiti learn from the above?
This opens a door to get out of this vicious circle we are caught in.
IKEDA: Your examples illustrate the need for the lofty ideals of a goal to be reflected in the means used to achieve that goal. It seems to me that the worldwide peace movements would do well both to clarify the processes by which they intend to realize the high programs they set and to conform those processes to their ideals. But even when a high goal is achieved by ideal means, inevitably the problem of power and its abuse arises.
(Negros and power is another riddle to be solved)
This issue is one that demands constant wary attention. Society requires order. To maintain order, authority is essential. Authority manifests itself in terms of power that constrains and sometimes represses the actions of human beings. Power in its turn often becomes an evil restricting human freedom and infringing on human rights.
In other words, though by nature power ought to be wielded for the protection of humanity and for the fulfillment of beneficial aims, because of the psychological motives and the aims of the person controlling authority, it frequently becomes an evil.
(This evil is so permanent in Haiti)